Sapta Suhardono, Laili Fitria, I Wayan Koko Suryawan, Iva Yenis Septiariva, Rachmat Mulyana, Mega Mutiara Sari, Nova Ulhasanah, Wisnu Prayogo
This study delves into the Bromo magnitude of the fire incident in Indonesia, a notable tourism destination, uncovering significant gaps in knowledge regarding tourist-induced forest fires. We comprehensively analyze the incident's environmental, economic, social, and tourism impacts. Environmentally, the fire caused severe damage to the region's ecosystems, upsetting ecological balances and diminishing air quality. This has far-reaching effects on flora, fauna, and the sustainability of natural resources. Forest fires release a significant amount of pollutants into the air, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and other harmful compounds. These pollutants can significantly degrade air quality, leading to health issues for humans and animals. The forest fire in the Bromo region of Indonesia had a profound impact, both economically and environmentally. The closure of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park drastically reduced tourism, leading to an 80 % drop in hotel occupancy and severe losses for local businesses like jeep rentals, eateries, and souvenir shops. Economically, this resulted in a significant decrease in Non-Tax State Revenue. Environmentally, the fire destroyed over 50 hectares of land, severely damaging the national park's ecosystems and affecting biodiversity. The smoke and heat from the fire also led to poor air quality and potential health risks for local residents, as well as adverse effects on nearby agriculture, increasing stress and anxiety in the community. The study emphasizes the urgent need for stringent regulations, effective community engagement, and educational initiatives in forest conservation areas, particularly those attracting tourists. Our findings offer critical insights for policymakers, local authorities, and stakeholders in the tourism sector, highlighting the necessity of balancing environmental protection with the growth of the global travel industry. © 2024 The Author(s)
Environmental Sciences Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, 78124, Indonesia; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta, 12220, Indonesia; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, College of Environmental Studies and Oceanography, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan; Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Department of Building Engineering Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, 20221, Indonesia
