Nurul Husna, Sahyar, Yuni Warty
This study aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based e-module on electromagnetic induction material and examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students’ critical thinking skills. The research employed the ADDIE development model, consisting of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The product was validated by experts in material, instructional design, and media. Practicality was assessed through small- and large-scale trials involving teachers and students, while effectiveness was measured using pretest and posttest data analyzed through normalized gain (N-Gain) and One Sample t-Test.The results showed that the developed e-module is highly valid, with an average expert validation score of 4.57 for content, accuracy, language, presentation, and support for critical thinking. The practicality aspect also received high ratings, with an average score of 4.60 from physics teachers and 85.3% from students, indicating that the e-module is user-friendly, useful, and easy to integrate into classroom learning. In terms of effectiveness, the N-Gain scores across three learning sessions ranged from 0.64 to 0.68 (medium category), and the t-test results confirmed a significant increase in posttest scores compared to the minimum mastery criteria (KKM). These findings indicate that the AR-based e-module is not only valid and practical but also effective in fostering students’ critical thinking. The integration of AR technology enhances visualization and interactivity, making it a valuable tool for 21st-century science education. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
State University of Medan, Medan, Indonesia
