Maryati Doloksaribu, Makmur Sirait, Mukti Hamjah Harahap
A supercapacitor is an exciting breakthrough in the field of energy because it has a storage capacity that is greater than ordinary capacitors. Graphene is one of the most widely used supercapacitor materials because it has a high specific surface area. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of temperature on the structure of graphene material and the capacitive properties of graphene material as a supercapacitor electrode by the microwave-assisted solvothermal method using graphite, tartaric acid, and methanol as its main ingredients. The temperature variation of thermal shock in the furnace used in the synthesis process is 600, 700, and 800 °C. The material produced from the synthesis process was characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM tests. For supercapacitor performance, CV testing is carried out. It was found that the higher the temperature of the thermal shock applied, the more energy was given to widen the distance between the layers in the graphite to produce amorphous graphene, with a thin morphology and a low oxygen functional group. The highest capacitance values are for thermal shock temperatures at 800 °C (141,659 F/g), 700 °C (124,848 F/g), and 600 °C (111,240 F/g), respectively. This indicates that optimizing the thermal shock process can significantly enhance the supercapacitor’s energy storage capacity. Further research could explore the effects of varying heating durations and cooling rates to fine-tune the material properties for even better performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026.
Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Medan, 20221, Indonesia
