Chairunnisa Amelia, Yusnadi, Khairil Ansari
This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model based on Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in improving the HOTS of elementary school teacher education (PGSD) students. The research method used was a development research with the Plomp model. The subjects were PGSD students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra. The instruments developed included a learning model validation sheet, learning tools, and HOTS questions, which were validated by experts and practitioners. This study resulted in a TPACK-based PBL learning model that met validity criteria and significantly improved students' HOTS skills. The integration of PBL within the TPACK framework has been proven to strengthen student-centered learning and the pedagogical use of technology. This model is relevant as an alternative learning model at LPTK (Teachers' Training College) in preparing prospective teachers with critical and adaptive thinking. Recommendations for future researchers include implementing the TPACK-based PBL learning model in other courses to assess the impact on prospective elementary school teachers' HOTS skills. © 2026 Authors.
Basic Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia; Primary Teacher Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
