Hariadi Hariadi, Imran Ahkmad, Andarias Ginting, Khairul Usman, Syed Kamaruzaman Bin Syed Ali, Randi Kurniawan
Background: Sedentary lifestyles are a growing public health concern associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, reduced physical fitness, and impaired psychological well-being. Although smartwatches enable continuous health monitoring, their potential to support structured, multidimensional exercise interventions for holistic health improvement remains underutilized among sedentary adults. Objective: To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a Smartwatch-Based Multi-Dimensional Training Program (SBMTP) designed to improve holistic fitness, encompassing physical, psychological, and emotional health, in sedentary adults. Methods: Research and development using the ADDIE model was employed to develop the SBMTP application, which integrated real-time smartwatch data to deliver personalized, multidimensional exercise guidance. The six-week intervention in sedentary adults was evaluated using physiological and subjective fitness measures and user surveys, with pre-post changes analysis. Results: The six-week intervention led to substantial enhancements in all fitness metrics, including decreases in resting heart rate and body mass index, as well as increases in running distance, exercise duration, calories expended, and subjective fitness assessments (p<0.05). User evaluation demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability, with application suitability rated at 96.6%, program suitability between 89.3% and 90.3%, user satisfaction at 87.5%, and overall positive feedback reaching 91.0%, indicating strong user acceptance and functional effectiveness. Conclusions: The smartwatch-based multidimensional training program represents a feasible and well-accepted digital health intervention that effectively enhances holistic fitness through personalized, data-driven exercise guidance. These findings demonstrate the potential of wearable technology to support preventive health strategies and promote sustainable lifestyle changes among sedentary adults. © 2026 The Author(s).
Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia; Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia; Department of Preschool and Elementary School Education, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia; Department of Educational Foundations and Humanities, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Malaysia; Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
